How to Prevent Nasal Polyps ? What are the causes of nasal Polyps ?

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common airway disease characterized by the presence of recurrent and spontaneous chronic inflammation in the nasal mucosa.CRS can be differentiated into 2 major forms: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). 

 Although CRS is not a life-threatening disorder, the persistent inflammation can lead to perennial nasal congestion/ obstruction, anosmia or hyposmia, and facial pain/headache, as well as other problems that affect the quality of life of affected subjects. A cross-sectional survey in 7 major cities across US has reported CRS prevalence of 8%. Similarly, a more recent survey of residents in 18 major US cities has reported an overall self-reported CRS prevalence of 2.2%, indicating the serious burden associated with CRS in US.

Studies investigating genetic mechanisms in diseases under-pinned by complex gene-environment risk have suggested that epigenetic or nonepigenetic mechanisms are likely to be important, with DNA methylation modulating gene expression directly by affecting the binding of transcriptional factors and spatial organization of the chromatin. It has been suggested that hyperme- thylation of CpG sites in genes promotes gene silencing. Indeed, DNA methylation has been shown to regulate the expression of key pathways in the pathogenesis of immunologic and inflammatory disorders. There is evidence that DNA methylation is also involved in the pathogenesis of Nasal Poly.  

One study from Korea examined genome-wide DNA methylation levels in tissues from patients with Nasal Polyps and peripheral blood cells collected from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma and patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma and demonstrated characteristic methyl- ation patterns affecting 337 genes. Another recent study used a DNA methylation microarray in a US cohort and demon¬strated a total of 198 genes that had a methylated signal in the pro¬moter region of these genes in nasal polyp (NP) tissue of patients with Nasal Polyps compared with the genes in inferior turbinate mucosa from control subjects .

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